{"id":1053,"date":"2026-09-24T23:10:35","date_gmt":"2026-09-24T23:10:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dubaistdclinic.com\/news\/?p=1053"},"modified":"2026-09-24T23:10:35","modified_gmt":"2026-09-24T23:10:35","slug":"primary-prevention-methods","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dubaistdclinic.com\/news\/primary-prevention-methods\/","title":{"rendered":"Primary Prevention Methods"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pre-Exposure Vaccination<\/strong>
\nPre-exposure vaccination is one of the most effective methods
\nfor preventing transmission of HPV, HAV, and HBV, all
\nof which can be sexually transmitted. HPV vaccination is
\nrecommended routinely for males and females aged 11 or
\n12 years and can be administered beginning at age 9 years.
\nHPV vaccination is recommended through age 26 years for
\nthose not previously vaccinated (11). Sharing clinical decisionmaking
\nabout HPV vaccination is recommended for certain
\nadults aged 27\u201345 years who are not adequately vaccinated
\nin accordance with existing guidance (https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/
\nvaccines\/hcp\/acip-recs\/vacc-specific\/hpv.html).
\nRecommendations and Reports
\nUS Department of Health and Human Services\/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention MMWR \/ July 23, 2021 \/ Vol. 70 \/ No. 4 5
\nHepatitis B vaccination is recommended for all unvaccinated,
\nuninfected persons who are sexually active with more than
\none partner or are being evaluated or treated for an STI (12).
\nIn addition, hepatitis A and B vaccines are recommended for
\nMSM, persons who inject drugs, persons with chronic liver
\ndisease, and persons with HIV or hepatitis C infections who
\nhave not had hepatitis A or hepatitis B (12). HAV vaccine is
\nalso recommended for persons who are homeless (13). Details
\nregarding HAV and HBV vaccination, including routine
\nchildhood vaccination, are available at https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/
\nhepatitis and at the ACIP website (https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/
\nvaccines\/hcp\/acip-recs\/vacc-specific\/index.html).
\nCondoms
\nExternal Condoms<\/strong>
\nWhen used consistently and correctly, external latex
\ncondoms, also known as male condoms, are effective in
\npreventing the sexual transmission of HIV infection (http:\/\/
\nwww.ashasexualhealth.org\/pdfs\/Male_and_Female_Condoms.
\npdf). In heterosexual HIV mixed-status relationships (i.e., those
\ninvolving one infected and one uninfected partner) in which
\ncondoms were used consistently, HIV-negative partners were
\n71%\u201380% less likely to become infected with HIV, compared
\nwith persons in similar relationships in which condoms were
\nnot used (14,15). Two analyses of MSM mixed-status couple
\nstudies estimated the protective effect of condom use to be 70%
\nand 91%, respectively (16,17). Moreover, studies demonstrate
\nthat consistent condom use reduces the risk for other STIs,
\nincluding chlamydia, gonorrhea, hepatitis B, and trichomoniasis
\n(18\u201321). By limiting lower genital tract infections, condoms
\nalso might reduce the risk for pelvic inflammatory disease
\n(PID) among women (22). In addition, consistent and correct
\nuse of latex condoms reduces the risk for HPV infection
\nand HPV-associated diseases, genital herpes, syphilis, and
\nchancroid when the infected area or site of potential exposure
\nis covered (23\u201327). Additional information is available at
\nhttps:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/condomeffectiveness\/index.html and
\nwww.factsaboutcondoms.com\/professional.php. Condoms
\nare regulated as medical devices and are subject to random
\nsampling and testing by the Food and Drug Administration
\n(FDA). Each latex condom manufactured in the United States
\nis tested electronically for holes before packaging. The rate of
\ncondom breakage during sexual intercourse and withdrawal in
\nthe United States is approximately two broken condoms per
\n100 condoms. Rates of breakage and slippage might be slightly
\nhigher during anal intercourse (28,29). The failure of condoms
\nto protect against STIs or unintended pregnancy usually results
\nfrom inconsistent or incorrect use rather than condom breakage
\n(30). Users should check the expiration or manufacture date
\non the box or individual package. Latex condoms should not
\nbe used beyond their expiration date or >5 years after the
\nmanufacturing date. Condoms made of materials other than
\nlatex are available in the United States and can be classified
\ninto two general categories: 1) polyurethane, polyisoprene, or
\nother synthetic condoms and 2) natural membrane condoms.
\nPolyurethane external condoms provide protection against
\nSTIs and HIV and pregnancy comparable to that of latex
\ncondoms (20,31). These can be substituted for latex condoms
\nby persons with latex sensitivity, are typically more resistant to
\ndeterioration, and are compatible with use of both oil-based
\nand water-based lubricants. The effectiveness of other synthetic
\nexternal condoms to prevent STIs has not been extensively
\nstudied, and FDA labeling restricts their recommended use
\nto persons who are sensitive to or allergic to latex. Natural
\nmembrane condoms (frequently called natural skin condoms
\nor [incorrectly] lambskin condoms) are made from lamb cecum
\nand can have pores up to 1,500 nm in diameter. Although
\nthese pores do not allow the passage of sperm, they are more
\nthan 10 times the diameter of HIV and more than 25 times
\nthat of HBV. Moreover, laboratory studies demonstrate that
\nsexual transmission of viruses, including HBV, herpes simplex
\nvirus (HSV), and HIV, can occur with natural membrane
\ncondoms (31). Therefore, natural membrane condoms are not
\nrecommended for prevention of STIs and HIV.
\nProviders should advise that condoms must be used
\nconsistently and correctly to be effective in preventing STIs and
\nHIV while noting that any condom use is better than no condom
\nuse. Providing instructions about the correct use of condoms
\ncan be useful. Communicating the following recommendations
\ncan help ensure that patients use external condoms correctly:
\n\u2022 Use a new condom with each sex act (i.e., oral, vaginal,
\nand anal).
\n\u2022 Carefully handle the condom to avoid damaging it with
\nfingernails, teeth, or other sharp objects.
\n\u2022 Put the condom on after the penis is erect and before any
\ngenital, oral, or anal contact with the partner.
\n\u2022 Use only water-based or silicone-based lubricants (e.g.,
\nK-Y Jelly, Astroglide, AquaLube, or glycerin) with latex
\ncondoms. Oil-based lubricants (e.g., petroleum jelly,
\nshortening, mineral oil, massage oils, body lotions, or
\ncooking oil) can weaken latex and should not be used;
\nhowever, oil-based lubricants typically can be used with
\npolyurethane or other synthetic condoms.
\n\u2022 Ensure adequate lubrication during vaginal and anal sex,
\nwhich might require using exogenous water-based
\nlubricants.
\n\u2022 Hold the condom firmly against the base of the penis
\nduring withdrawal, and withdraw while the penis is still
\nerect to prevent the condom from slipping off.
\nRecommendations and Reports
\n6 MMWR \/ July 23, 2021 \/ Vol. 70 \/ No. 4 US Department of Health and Human Services\/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
\nAdditional information about external condoms is available
\nat https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/condomeffectiveness.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pre-Exposure Vaccination Pre-exposure vaccination is one of the most effective methods for preventing transmission of HPV, HAV, and HBV, all of which can be sexually transmitted. HPV vaccination is recommended routinely for males and females aged 11 or 12 years and can be administered beginning at age 9 years. HPV vaccination is recommended through age […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1053","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-about-std","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dubaistdclinic.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1053","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dubaistdclinic.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dubaistdclinic.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dubaistdclinic.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dubaistdclinic.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1053"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/dubaistdclinic.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1053\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1054,"href":"https:\/\/dubaistdclinic.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1053\/revisions\/1054"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dubaistdclinic.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1053"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dubaistdclinic.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1053"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dubaistdclinic.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1053"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}